Normal business expenses incurred in carrying on a trade are deductible before the USC is calculated. This includes allowances for capital expenditure incurred on providing certain items for the purposes of the trade, such as
Plant and machinery
Vehicles used for business purposes
Certain types of buildings, such as factories or farm buildings
Capital allowances (other than those used to create or increase a loss under section 392 TCA 1997) must actually be used in a tax year to be deductible. Only standard rate capital allowances are deductible. Apart from farm buildings, capital allowances that are written off over accelerated 7-year periods are not allowed. Any capital allowances due to people that do not actively carry on a trade are not deductible. Therefore, lessors and other passive investors, such as non-active partners in a partnership trade, will pay the USC on gross income before the deduction of capital allowances. Appendix C contains details of both deductible and non-deductible allowances in respect of the different types of buildings.
Losses other than those arising from the carrying on of a trade or profession are not deductible before USC is charged. Nor can trading losses arising in a tax year reduce other non-trading income in that year. Where unused trading losses are carried forward, only that part of the losses that is actually used to reduce taxable income from the same trade in the tax year to which they have been carried forward is deductible.
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